From ancient times, tattoos have been a preferred way for groups, cults, fellowships and determined individualists to express membership and solidarity. Techniques and materials used have changed over the ages, but the fad itself is an ageless one.

These days, a regular epidemic of body artists is cashing in on the growing popularity of tattooing and 'permanent makeup'. Is this something to worry about? Conscientious practitioners of this ancient trade usually have nothing but satisfied customers. However, such professionalism is becoming increasingly rare. Since tattoos have become essential fashion statements and even a cultural requirement in certain circles, the dangers inherent in having color imbedded into the skin are often overlooked.

The use of non-sterile needles is rampant and there is really no way of sterilizing tattooing needles as effectively as medical ones. Customers of tattoo parlors have no idea of who equipment has been used before them and are at constant risk of contracting serious diseases like HIV and hepatitis. The hazard is so serious that most major blood banks do not accept blood donations from people who have been tattooed less than a year before they turn up.

The other problem is the dyes and pigments used in body art. Colors such as annatto, caramel, carmine, disodium EDTA-copper and dihydroxyacetone are cleared by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for use in topical cosmetics, but there are no colored substances that are officially approved for injection under the skin. This is because reactions to them can vary wildly from person to person and no safety parameters can therefore be established.

There are a number of other complications that can arise. Most fly-by-night tattoo artists do not subject the client's skin to a sensitivity test before they do their stuff. In such cases, the dyes used can cause serious allergic reactions that will last for years. Removal of a tattoo is far more painful, time-consuming and expensive than putting it on - and the process almost always leaves scars. Contrary to popular belief, laser techniques are far from foolproof and can, in fact, cause further complications.

Obviously, nothing is going to curb the popularity of tattooing and permanent makeup. Also, a large number of clients report no adverse effects and reactions whatsoever. But if one really wants to play it safe, temporary tattoos are always the wisest option.